A Soldier’s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Kevin Power’s The Yellow Birds
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in some individuals who have real-life experience with psychological problems such as shocking, scary, or dangerous events (Davison, 2006). This paper aims at uncovering PTSD in Kevin Powers' The Yellow Birds novel that underlies the behavior of the main characters, Private John Bartle. In the context of war, soldiers often face deadly situations in the middle of warfare. This experience is a kind of horrible death, such as the worst experiences that can be made these people vulnerable and psychologically affected, such as psychosis. This research discusses the causes, symptoms, and the impact of PTSD that occur to the Private John Bartle, the main character. The researcher uses the theory of post-traumatic stress disorder development by Gerald C Davison. The results of the analysis show that: (1) The main cause of post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by Bartle is the tragic death of his best friend on the battlefield, the adverse effects of the war occurred recently; (2) The process of re-experiencing the symptoms experienced by the main character of the novel The Yellow Birds began when Bartle finished his service as a service member who served in the Iraq war; (3) The effect of post-traumatic stress disorder was finally found after the post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by Private John Bartle ended his deployment in the Iraq war. For further studies, it is suggested a comprehensive viewpoint in implementing this approach for the new researcher who has been engaging in related fields of post-traumatic stress disorder. The Yellow Birds novel by Kevin Powers can be used as an illustration of how a post-war soldier struggling with his post-traumatic stress disorder when he comes home.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra (Journal of Literary Education) as publisher of the journal, and the author also holds the copyright without restriction.
Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , are allowed with a written permission from Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra (Journal of Literary Education).
Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra (Journal of Literary Education), the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra (Journal of Literary Education) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.
References
Altenbernd, Lynn dan Leslie L. Lewis. (1996). A Hand Book for the Study of Fiction. London: The Mcmillan Company.
Atkinson, R. L., Atkinson, R. C., & Hilgard, E. R. (1983). Pengantar Psikologi: Jilid 2. Alih bahasa: Taufiq Nurdjannah. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Clancy, Tom; Horner, Chuck (1999). Every Man a Tiger: The Gulf War Air Campaign. Putnam. ISBN 978-0-399-14493-6.
C-span. (2001). Tenth Anniversary of The Gulf War. 23 February 2001. https://www.c-span.org/video/?162751-1/10th-anniversary-gulf-war
Blum, William (1995). Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II. Common Courage Press. ISBN 978-1-56751-052-2. Retrieved 4 December 2005.
Bolkom, Christopher; Pike, Jonathan.(2005). "Attack Aircraft Proliferation: Areas for Concern". Archived from the original on 27 December 2005.
Brands, H. W. (2004). "George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991." Presidential Studies Quarterly 34.1: 113-131.
Dale, Catherine. 2009. Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
Davison, G. C & Neale, J. M. (2006). Psikologi Abnormal. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Davidson, J. (2001). Stress Management. Macmillan USA: A Person Education Company.
Emering, Edward John (2005). The Decorations and Medals of the Persian Gulf War (1990 to 1991). Claymont, DE: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 978-1-890974-18-3. OCLC 62859116.
Finlan, Alastair (2003). The Gulf War 1991. Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-574-7.
Forbes, Daniel (15 May 2000). "Gulf War crimes?". Salon Magazine. Retrieved 4 December 2005.
Graham., Bob (2012). GULF in the WAR STORY: A US Navy Personnel Manager Confides in You. Florida u.a.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1475147056.
Harvey, W.J. (1965). Character and the Novel. New York: Cornell University Press
Hawley., T. M. (1992). Against the Fires of Hell: The Environmental Disaster of the Gulf War. New York u.a.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 978-0-15-103969-2.
Hiro, Dilip (1992). Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-90657-9.
Luxemburg, Jan Van, (1992). Pengantar Ilmu Sastra. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka. Umum.
National Institute of Mental Health. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Maryland.
Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. (1998). Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.
O’Gorman, Daniel. (2014). Refiguring Difference: Imaginative Geographies and “Connective Dissonance” in Three Novels of the Iraq War. DOI: 10.1080/00111619.2014.930015
Peters, John E; Deshong, Howard (1995). Out of Area or Out of Reach? European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia (PDF). RAND Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-2329-2.
Powers, K. (2012). The Yellow Birds. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Precup, Amelia. (2017). Reversing Absence. The Exploration of Memory in The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers. DOI: 10.24193/subbphilo.2017.1.12
Ratna, N. K. (2007). Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Selye, H. (1936). The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw Hill.
Siswantoro. (2005). Metode Penelitian Sastra: Analisis Psikologis. Surakarta. UMS.
Sutton,S., Baum,A., Johnston, M.A. (ed) (2004). The Sage Handbook of Health Psychology. London: Sage
Walter, Anke. (2016). What it felt like Memory and the Sensations of War in Vergil's Aeneid and Kevin Powers' The Yellow Birds. in: Annemarie Ambühl (ed.), Krieg der Sinne – Die Sinne im Krieg. Kriegsdarstellungen im Spannungsfeld zwischenantiker und moderner Kultur / War of the Senses –The Senses in War. Interactions and tensions between representations of war in classical and modern culture = thersites 4 (2016), 275-312.